Grade 9 | Informative Essay Standards

http://ok.gov/sde/oklahoma-academic-standards#OC3ELA  (Adopted 2014)

Standard 1: Writing Process. The student will use the writing process to write coherently.

1. Use a writing process to develop and refine composition skills. Students are expected to:
   1. use a variety of prewriting strategies such as brainstorming, outlining, free writing, discussing, clustering, webbing, using graphic organizers, notes, logs, or reading to generate ideas and gather information.
   2. determine main idea by evaluating results of prewriting activities to select an appropriate topic.
   3. identify audience and purpose for writing:
      1. consider specific purposes for writing (e.g., to reflect, inform, explain, persuade, or share an experience or emotion.
      2. understand the characteristics of a specific audience for the writing task.
   4. identify appropriate mode/genre.
   5. develop multiple drafts, individually and collaboratively, to categorize ideas, organize them into paragraphs, and blend paragraphs into larger text.
   6. revise drafts.
   7. edit for specific purposes to ensure standard usage, varied sentence structure, appropriate word choice, mechanics, and spelling.
   8. refine selected pieces to publish for general and specific audiences.

2. Use elaboration to develop an idea:
   1. draft a text with a clear controlling idea or thesis.
   2. develop a coherent progression of ideas applying organizational strategies such as spatial, chronological, order of importance, compare/contrast, logical order, cause/effect, or classification/division.
   3. apply different methods of support, such as facts, reasons, examples, sensory details.
   4. apply a consistent and appropriate point of view.

3. Demonstrate organization, unity, and coherence by using transitions and sequencing:
   1. Read the draft from the intended audience’s point of view to evaluate clarity of purpose.
   2. Evaluate whether ideas and organizational patterns are clear and support the overall purpose of the piece.
   3. Evaluate whether topic sentences, transitions within and between paragraphs, overall sequencing, and the progression of ideas is clear, focused, smooth and coherent.
   4. Evaluate whether ideas are adequately developed. Move, add, delete, or replace text for clarity, audience, and purpose.
   5. Evaluate whether word choice/figurative language is precise, compelling, effective, and appropriate.
   6. Evaluate whether sentence structures are varied in type, length, and complexity.

4. Editing, Proofreading, and Evaluating:
   1. Apply Standard English usage, correct spelling and usage in text. Correct errors in grammatical conventions (e.g., complete sentences, independent and dependent (restrictive/nonrestrictive) clauses, conjunctions for subordination, correlation, and coordination, subject verb agreement, consistent verb tense, pronoun-antecedent relationship, noun and pronoun agreement, use of prepositional phrases, adverbs, and adjectives).
   2. Employ specified proofreading strategies and consults resources (e.g., spell checks, personal spelling lists, or dictionaries) to correct errors in spelling, capitalization, and punctuation, including punctuation of quotations
   3. Use a specified format for in-text citation of source materials, for bibliographies, and for lists of works cited. Check against original source for accuracy
   4. Demonstrate an understanding of the ethics of writing by creating a document free from plagiarism.

5. Use a variety of sentence structures, types, and lengths to contribute to fluency and interest.
    
6. Evaluate own writing and others' writing (e.g., determine the best features of a piece of writing, determine how own writing achieves its purpose, ask for feedback, and respond to classmates' writing).

Standard 2: Modes and Forms of Writing. The student will write for a variety of purposes and audiences using narrative, descriptive, expository, persuasive, and reflective modes.  At Grade 9, combine the rhetorical strategies of narration, exposition, persuasion, reflection, and description to produce text of at least 500 to 750 words. Final drafts are formatted appropriately for the mode. Begin writing documents related to career development. Demonstrate a command of Standard English and the research, organization, and drafting strategies outlined in the writing process. Writing demonstrates an awareness of the audience (intended reader) and purpose for writing.

2. Compose expository compositions, including analytical essays and research reports that:
   1. integrates evidence in support of a thesis including information on all relevant perspectives.
   2. quotes, summarizes, and paraphrases information and ideas from a variety of primary and secondary sources accurately and coherently.
   3. identifies and addresses reader's potential misunderstandings, biases, and expectations.
   4. uses technical terms and notations accurately.

5. Write reflective papers that may address one of the following purposes:
   1. express the individual's insight into conditions or situations, detailing the author’s role in the outcome of the event.
   2. connect lessons from literature, history, current events, and movies/media to personal experiences and ideas.
   3. complete a self-evaluation on a class performance.
       
6. Write responses to literature that:
   1. demonstrate the significant ideas of literary works.
   2. support important ideas and viewpoints through accurate and detailed reference to the text or to other works.
   3. demonstrate awareness of author's style and an appreciation of the effects created.
   4. identify and assess the impact of ambiguities, nuances, and complexities within the text.
       
7. Write for different purposes and to a specific audience or person, adjusting tone and style as necessary to make writing interesting.

9. Use appropriate essay test-taking and time-writing strategies that:
   1. budget time for prewriting, drafting, revising, and editing.
   2. prioritize the question/prompt.
   3. identify the common directives from the prompt (identify command verbs: explain, compare, evaluate, define, and develop, etc.).
   4. analyze the question or prompt and determine the appropriate mode of writing.
   5. apply appropriate organizational methods to thoroughly address the prompt.
   6. evaluate work using editing checklist or rubric if available.

Grade 10 | Informative Essay Standards

http://ok.gov/sde/oklahoma-academic-standards#OC3ELA  (Adopted 2014)

Standard 1: Writing Process - The student will use the writing process to write coherently.

1. Use a writing process to develop and refine composition skills. Students are expected to:
   1. use a variety of prewriting strategies such as brainstorming, outlining, free writing, discussing, clustering, webbing, using graphic organizers, notes, logs, or reading to generate ideas and gather information.
   2. analyze audience and purpose:
      1. consider specific purposes for writing whether to reflect, inform, explain, persuade, make a social statement, or share an experience or emotion.
      2. analyze the characteristics of a specific audience (interests, beliefs, background knowledge) and select an appropriate audience for the writing task.
   3. analyze appropriate mode/genre.
   4. develop multiple drafts, individually and collaboratively, to categorize ideas, organize them into paragraphs, and blend paragraphs into larger text.
   5. revise for appropriateness of organization, content, and style.
   6. edit for specific purposes such as to insure standard usage, varied sentence structure, appropriate word choice, mechanics, and spelling.
   7. refine selected pieces to publish for general and specific audiences.

2. Use elaboration to develop an idea:
   1. draft a text with a clear controlling idea or thesis.
   2. develop a coherent progression of ideas applying organizational strategies such as spatial, chronological, order of importance, compare/contrast, logical order, cause/effect, or classification/division.
   3. apply different methods of support, such as facts, reasons, examples, sensory details, anecdotes, paraphrases, quotes, reflections, and dialogue.
   4. apply a consistent and appropriate point of view.
   5. understand and apply formal and informal diction.

3. Demonstrate organization, unity, and coherence by using transitions and sequencing:
   1. read the draft from the intended audience’s point of view to evaluate clarity of purpose.
   2. evaluate whether ideas and organizational patterns are clear and support the overall purpose of the piece.
   3. evaluate whether the topic sentences, transitions within and between paragraphs, overall sequencing, and the progression of ideas is clear, focused, smooth, and coherent.
   4. evaluate whether ideas are adequately developed. Move, add, delete, or replace text for clarity, audience, and purpose.
   5. evaluate whether word choice/figurative language is precise, compelling, effective, and appropriate.
   6. evaluate whether sentence structures are varied in type, length, and complexity.

4. Editing/Proofreading and Evaluating: Use precise word choices, including figurative language, that convey specific meaning:
   1. apply Standard English usage, spelling and mechanics to text.
   2. correct errors in grammatical conventions.
   3. employ specified editing/proofreading strategies and consult resources (e.g., spell checks, personal spelling lists, or dictionaries) to correct errors in spelling, capitalization, and punctuation, including punctuation of quotations.
   4. use a specified format for in-text citation of source materials, for bibliographies, and for lists of works cited (check against original source for accuracy).
   5. demonstrate an understanding of the ethics of writing by creating a document free from plagiarism.

5. Use a variety of sentence structures, types, and lengths to contribute to fluency and interest.

6. Evaluate own writing and others' writing (e.g., determine the best features of a piece of writing, determine how writing achieves its purpose, ask for feedback, and respond to classmates' writing).

Standard 2: Modes and Forms of Writing. The student will write for a variety of purposes and audiences using creative, narrative, descriptive, expository, persuasive, and reflective modes.  At Grade 10, combine the rhetorical strategies of narration, exposition, persuasion, reflection, and description to produce text of at least 750 to 1,000 words. Compose business letters.  Demonstrate a command of Standard English and the research, organization, and drafting strategies outlined in the writing process. Writing demonstrates an awareness of the audience (intended reader) and purpose for writing that are frequently published for a general or specific audience. Final drafts are formatted appropriate for the mode/genre.

2. Compose expository compositions, including analytical essays and research reports that:
   1. integrate evidence in support of a thesis (position on the topic) including information on all relevant perspectives.
   2. communicate, quote, summarize, and paraphrase information and ideas from primary and secondary sources accurately and coherently.
   3. identify and address reader's potential misunderstandings, biases, and expectations, establishing and adjusting tone accordingly.
   4. use technical terms and notations accurately.

5. Compose reflective papers that may address one of the following purposes:
   1. express the individual's insight into conditions or situations detailing the author’s role in the outcome of the event as well as an outside viewpoint.
   2. connect lessons from literature, history, current events, and movies/media to personal experiences and ideas.

6. Use appropriate essay test-taking and time-writing strategies that:
   1. budget time for prewriting, drafting, revising, and editing.
   2. prioritize the question/prompt.
   3. identify the common directives from the prompt (identify command verbs: explain, compare, evaluate, define, and develop, etc.)
   4. analyze the question/prompt and determine the appropriate mode of writing, audience, and tone.
   5. apply appropriate organizational methods to thoroughly address the prompt.

7. Compose responses to literature that:
   1. integrate detailed references and quotations from the text along with interpretive commentary to support important ideas and a consistent viewpoint.
   2. evaluate the impact of genre, historical, and cultural context on the work.
   3. evaluate the impact of literary elements/devices and complexities within the work.
   4. extend writing by changing mood, plot, characterization, or voice.

Grade 11 | Informative Essay Standards

http://ok.gov/sde/oklahoma-academic-standards#OC3ELA  (Adopted 2014)

Standard 1: Writing Process. The student will use the writing process to write coherently.

1. Students are expected to:
   1. use a variety of prewriting strategies such as brainstorming, free writing, outlining, discussing, clustering, webbing, using graphic organizers, notes logs, or reading to generate ideas, develop voice, gather information, and plan.
   2. develop main idea/thesis. Evaluate results of prewriting activities and select appropriate topic.
   3. evaluate audience and purpose:
      1. consider specific purposes for writing (e.g., to reflect, inform, explain, persuade, make social and/or political statements, or share an experience or emotion).
      2. evaluate possible modes/genres and select one, remembering that the choice of the mode/genre will guide the treatment of the topic, the development of a stance toward the audience, and the organizational structure.
   4. develop multiple drafts, individually and collaboratively, to categorize ideas, organize them into paragraphs, and blend paragraphs into larger text.
   5. revise drafts for organization, content and style.
   6. edit for specific purposes such as to ensure standard usage, varied sentence structure, appropriate word choice, mechanics, and spelling.
   7. refine selected pieces to publish for general and specific audiences.

2. Use elaboration to develop an idea:
   1. draft a text with a clear, controlling idea or thesis.
   2. develop a coherent progression of ideas applying organizational strategies such as spatial, chronological, order of importance, compare/contrast, logical order, cause/effect, or classification/division.
   3. apply different methods of support, such as facts, reasons, examples, sensory details, anecdotes, paraphrases, quotes, reflections, and dialogue.
   4. apply a consistent and appropriate point of view, establish a credible voice, and create a suitable tone.
   5. understand and apply formal and informal diction for a desired effect.

3. Demonstrate organization, unity, and coherence during revision process:
   1. read the draft from the intended audience’s point of view to evaluate clarity of purpose.
   2. evaluate whether ideas and organizational patterns are clear and support the overall purpose of the piece.
   3. evaluate whether topic sentences, transitions within and between paragraphs, overall sequencing, and the progression of ideas is clear, focused, smooth, and coherent.
   4. evaluate whether ideas are adequately developed.
   5. apply a consistent and appropriate point of view.
   6. understand and apply formal and informal diction.

4. Editing/proofreading and evaluating:
   1. apply Standard English usage and correct spelling in text.
   2. employs specified editing/proofreading strategies and consults resources (e.g., handbooks and style manuals, spell checks, personal spelling lists, dictionaries, thesauruses, or style sheets) to correct errors in spelling, capitalization, and punctuation, including punctuation of quotations.
   3. use a specified format for in-text citation of source materials for bibliographies and for lists of works cited, and check against original source for accuracy.
   4. demonstrate an understanding of the ethics of writing by creating a document free from plagiarism.

5. Use point of view, characterization, style, and related elements for specific rhetorical (communication) and aesthetic (artistic) purposes.

6. Structure ideas and arguments in a sustained and persuasive way and support them with precise and relevant examples.

7. Evaluate own writing and others' writing to highlight the individual voice, improve sentence variety and style, and enhance subtlety of meaning and tone in ways that are consistent with the purpose, audience, and form of writing.

8. Write for different purposes and to a specific audience or person, adjusting tone and style as necessary to make writing interesting. Continue to produce other writing forms introduced in earlier grades.

9. Use appropriate essay test-taking and time-writing strategies that:
   1. budget time for prewriting, drafting, revising, and editing.
   2. prioritize question/prompt.
   3. identify common directives from the prompt (identify common verbs: explain, compare, evaluate, define, and develop, etc.).
   4. analyze the question/prompt and determine the appropriate mode of writing, audience, and tone.
   5. apply appropriate organizational methods to thoroughly address the prompt.
   6. evaluate work using editing checklist or rubric if available.

Standard 2: Modes and Forms of writing. The student will write for a variety of purposes and audiences using creative, narrative, descriptive, expository, persuasive, and reflective modes.  At Grade 11, continue to combine the rhetorical strategies of narration, exposition, persuasion, reflection, and description to produce text of at least 1,500 words. Refine reflective compositions and become familiar with forms of job applications and resumes. Deliver multimedia presentations on varied topics. Demonstrate a command of Standard English and the research, organization, and drafting strategies outlined in the writing process. Writing demonstrates an awareness of the audience [intended reader] and purpose for writing.

2. Compose expository compositions, including analytical essays, historical investigations, and research reports that:
   1. integrate evidence in support of a thesis including information on all relevant perspectives.
   2. quote, summarize, and paraphrase information and ideas from primary and secondary sources, including technical terms and notations, accurately and coherently.
   3. integrate a variety of suitable, credible modern/historical reference sources such as print, pictorial, audio, archives (records), interviews, and reliable Internet sources to locate information in support of topic.
   4. identify and address reader’s potential misunderstandings, biases, and expectations, establishing and adjusting tone accordingly through a focus on appropriate diction.

4. Compose reflective compositions that:
   1. express the individual’s insight into conditions or situations, detailing the author’s role in the outcome and demonstrating an understanding of external influences.
   2. connect lessons from literature, history, current events, and movies/media to personal experiences and ideas.

6. Compose responses to literature that:
   1. evaluate the significant ideas of literary works or passages including plot development and characterization.
   2. integrate textual references, integrated quotations, and interpretive commentary to create an accurate and consistent composition.
   3. evaluate the impact of genre, cultural, and historical context on the work.
   4. evaluate the impact of literary elements/devices, ambiguities, and complexities within the work.

7. Write for different purposes and to a specific audience or person, adjusting tone and style as necessary to make writing interesting. Continue to produce other writing forms introduced in earlier grades.

9. Use appropriate essay test-taking and time-writing strategies that:
   1. budget time for prewriting, drafting, revising, and editing.
   2. prioritize question/prompt.
   3. identify common directives from the prompt (identify common verbs: explain, compare, evaluate, define, and develop, etc.).
   4. analyze the question/prompt and determine the appropriate mode of writing, audience, and tone.
   5. apply appropriate organizational methods to thoroughly address the prompt.
   6. evaluate work using editing checklist or rubric if available.

Grade 12 | Informative Essay Standards

http://ok.gov/sde/oklahoma-academic-standards#OC3ELA  (Adopted 2014)

Standard 1: Writing Process - The student will use the writing process to write coherently.

1. Use a writing process to develop and refine composition skills. Students are expected to:
   1. use a variety of prewriting strategies such as brainstorming, outlining, free writing, discussing, clustering, webbing, using graphic organizers, notes logs, interviews, or reading to generate ideas, develop voice, gather information, and plan.
   2. develop main idea/thesis.
   3. evaluate results of prewriting activities and select appropriate topic.
   4. evaluate audience and purpose for writing:
      1. consider specific purposes for writing (e.g., to reflect, inform, explain, persuade, make a social and/or political statement, or share an experience or emotion).
      2. evaluate the writing task, considering the assumptions, values, and background knowledge of the intended audience.
   5. evaluate possible modes/genres and select one, remembering that the choice of the mode/genre will guide the treatment of the topic, the development of a stance toward the audience, and the organizational structure.
   6. develop multiple drafts, individually and collaboratively, to categorize ideas organize them into paragraphs, and blend paragraphs into larger text.
   7. revise drafts for organization, content, and style.
   8. edit/proofread for specific purposes such as to ensure standard usage, varied sentence structure, appropriate word choice, mechanics, and spelling.
   9. refine selected pieces to publish for general and specific audiences.

2. Use elaboration to develop an idea:
   1. draft a text with a clear, controlling idea or thesis
   2. develop a coherent progression of ideas applying organizational strategies such as spatial, chronological, order of importance, compare/contrast, logical order, cause/effect, or classification/division.
   3. apply different methods of support, such as facts, reasons, examples, sensory details, anecdotes, paraphrases, quotes, reflections, and dialogue.
   4. apply a consistent and appropriate point of view, establish a credible voice, and create a suitable tone.
   5. understand and apply formal and informal diction for a desired effect.

3. Demonstrate organization, unity and coherence during revision process:
   1. read the draft from the intended audience’s point of view to evaluate clarity of purpose.
   2. evaluate whether ideas and organizational patterns are clear and support the overall purpose of the piece.
   3. evaluate whether topic sentences, transitions within and between paragraphs, overall sequencing, and the progression of ideas is clear, focused, smooth, and coherent.
   4. evaluate whether ideas are adequately developed.
   5. apply a consistent and appropriate point of view.
   6. understand and apply formal and informal diction.

4. Editing/proofreading and evaluating:
   1. apply Standard English usage and correct spelling in text.
   2. employs specified editing/proofreading strategies and consults resources (e.g., handbooks and style manuals, spell checks, personal spelling lists, dictionaries, thesauruses, or style sheets) to correct errors in spelling, capitalization, and punctuation, including punctuation of quotations.
   3. use a specified format for in-text citation of source materials for bibliographies and for lists of works cited, and check against original source for accuracy.
   4. demonstrate an understanding of the ethics of writing by creating a document free from plagiarism.

5. Use point of view, characterization, style, and related elements for specific rhetorical (communication) and aesthetic (artistic) purposes.

6. Structure ideas and arguments in a sustained and persuasive way and support them with precise and relevant examples.

7. Evaluate own and others' writing to highlight the individual voice, improve sentence variety and style, and enhance subtlety of meaning and tone in ways that are consistent with the purpose, audience, and form of writing.

8. Further develop unique writing style and voice, improve sentence variety, and enhance subtlety of meaning and tone in ways that are consistent with the purpose, audience, and form of writing.

Standard 2: Modes and Forms of Writing. The student will write for a variety of purposes and audiences using creative, narrative, descriptive, expository, persuasive, and reflective modes.  At Grade 12, continue to combine the rhetorical strategies of narration, exposition, persuasion, and description: to produce text, reflective compositions, historical investigation reports, and deliver multimedia presentations. The writing demonstrates a command of Standard English and the research, organization, and drafting strategies outlined in the writing process. Writing demonstrates an awareness of the audience (intended reader) and purpose for writing.

2. Compose expository compositions, including analytical essays, historical investigations, and research reports that:
   1. integrate evidence in support of a thesis including information on all relevant perspectives.
   2. identify and address reader’s potential misunderstandings, biases, and expectations, establishing and adjusting tone accordingly through a focus on appropriate professional, academic, or technical diction.
   3. use technical terms and notations accurately.

4. Write reflective compositions that:
   1. express the individual’s insight into conditions or situations, detailing the author’s role in the outcome and demonstrating an understanding of external influences to justify or clarify his/her perspective.
   2. connect lessons from literature, history, current events, and movies/media to personal experiences and ideas.

6. Compose responses to literature that:
   1. evaluate the significant ideas of literary works or passages including plot development and characterization.
   2. evaluate the impact of genre, cultural, and historical context on the work.
   3. evaluate the impact of literary elements/devices, ambiguities, and complexities within the work.
   4. support important ideas and viewpoints with accurate and detailed reference to the text or to other works.

7. Write for different purposes and to a specific audience or person, adjusting tone and style as necessary to make writing interesting. Continue to produce other forms of writing introduced in earlier grades.

9. Use appropriate essay test-taking and time writing strategies that:
   1. budget time for prewriting, drafting, revising, and editing.
   2. prioritize the question/prompt.
   3. identify common directives from the question/prompt (identify common verbs: explain, compare, evaluate, define, and develop, etc.).
   4. analyze the question/prompt and determine the appropriate mode of writing, audience, and tone.
   5. apply appropriate organizational methods to thoroughly address the question/prompt.
   6. evaluate work using editing checklist or rubric, if available.

Grades 9-10 | Informative Essay Standards

PENNSYLVANIA CORE STANDARDS

http://www.pdesas.org/standard/PACore (Amended 2014)

1.4  Writing - Students write for different purposes and audiences. Students write clear and focused text to convey a well-defined perspective and appropriate content.

CC.1.4.9–10.A

Write informative/explanatory texts to examine and convey complex ideas, concepts, and information clearly and accurately.

CC.1.4.9–10.B

Write with a sharp, distinct focus identifying topic, task, and audience.

CC.1.4.9–10.C

Develop and analyze the topic with relevant, well-chosen, and sufficient facts, extended definitions, concrete details, quotations, or other information and examples appropriate to the audience’s knowledge of the topic; include graphics and multimedia when useful to aiding comprehension.

CC.1.4.9–10.D

Organize ideas, concepts, and information to make important connections and distinctions; use appropriate and varied transitions to link the major sections of the text; include formatting when useful to aiding comprehension; provide a concluding statement or section.

CC.1.4.9–10.E

Write with an awareness of the stylistic aspects of composition.

• Use precise language and domain-specific vocabulary to manage the complexity of the topic.
• Establish and maintain a formal style and objective tone while attending to the norms of the discipline in which they are writing.

CC.1.4.9–10.F

Demonstrate a grade-appropriate command of the conventions of standard English grammar, usage, capitalization, punctuation, and spelling.

CC.1.4.9–10.S

Draw evidence from literary or informational texts to support analysis, reflection, and research, applying grade-level reading standards for literature and literary nonfiction.

CC.1.4.9–10.T

Develop and strengthen writing as needed by planning, revising, editing, rewriting, or trying a new approach, focusing on addressing what is most significant for a specific purpose and audience.

CC.1.4.9–10.X

Write routinely over extended time frames (time for research, reflection, and revision) and shorter time frames (a single sitting or a day or two) for a range of discipline-specific tasks, purposes, and audiences.

1.4  Writing - Students write for different purposes and audiences. Students write clear and focused text to convey a well-defined perspective and appropriate content.

CC.1.4.11–12.A

Write informative/explanatory texts to examine and convey complex ideas, concepts, and information clearly and accurately.

CC.1.4.11–12.B

Write with a sharp, distinct focus identifying topic, task, and audience.

CC.1.4.11–12.C

Develop and analyze the topic thoroughly by selecting the most significant and relevant facts, extended definitions, concrete details, quotations, or other information and examples appropriate to the audience’s knowledge of the topic; include graphics and multimedia when useful to aiding comprehension.

CC.1.4.11–12.D

Organize complex ideas, concepts, and information so that each new element builds on that which precedes it to create a whole; use appropriate and varied transitions and syntax to link the major sections of the text; provide a concluding statement or section that supports the information presented; include formatting when useful to aiding comprehension.

CC.1.4.11–12.E

Write with an awareness of the stylistic aspects of composition

• Use precise language, domain-specific vocabulary, and techniques such as metaphor, simile, and analogy to manage the complexity of the topic.
• Establish and maintain a formal style and objective tone while attending to the norms of the discipline in which they are writing.

CC.1.4.11–12.F

Demonstrate a grade-appropriate command of the conventions of standard English grammar, usage, capitalization, punctuation, and spelling.

CC.1.4.11–12.S

Draw evidence from literary or informational texts to support analysis, reflection, and research, applying grade-level reading standards for literature and literary nonfiction.

CC.1.4.11–12.T

Develop and strengthen writing as needed by planning, revising, editing, rewriting, or trying a new approach, focusing on addressing what is most significant for a specific purpose and audience.

CC.1.4.11–12.X

Write routinely over extended time frames (time for research, reflection, and revision) and shorter time frames (a single sitting or a day or two) for a range of discipline-specific tasks, purposes, and audiences.

Grade 9 | Informative Essay Standards

http://ed.sc.gov/instruction/standards-learning/english-language-arts/standards/  (Adopted 2015)

Fundamentals of Writing

• Employ a recursive writing process that includes planning, drafting, revising, editing, rewriting, publishing, and reflecting.
• Interact and collaborate with peers and adults to develop and strengthen writing.
• Produce writing in which the development, organization, and style are appropriate to task, purpose, discipline, and audience.
• Use clear and coherent written language to accomplish a purpose such as learning, enjoyment, argument, and the exchange of information.
• Monitor progress throughout the writing process and adjust strategies as needed from independence to collaboration within a writing community.

Standard 2: Write informative/explanatory texts to examine and convey complex ideas and information clearly and accurately through the effective selection, organization, and analysis of content.

2.1 Write informative/explanatory texts that:

1. introduce a topic;
2. use relevant information from multiple print and multimedia sources;
3. organize complex ideas, concepts, and information to make connections and distinctions;
4. assess the credibility and accuracy of each source;
5. develop the topic with well-chosen, relevant, and sufficient facts, extended definitions, concrete details, quotations, or other information and examples appropriate to the audience’s knowledge of the topic;
6. quote or paraphrase the data and conclusions of others while avoiding plagiarism and following a standard format for citation;
7. develop and strengthen writing as needed by planning, revising, editing, rewriting;
8. use appropriate and varied transitions to link the major sections of the text, create cohesion, and clarify the relationships among complex ideas and concepts;
9. use precise language and domain-specific vocabulary to manage the complexity of the topic;
10. establish and maintain a consistent style and objective tone while attending to the norms and conventions of the discipline;
11. provide a concluding statement or section that follows from and supports the information or explanation presented.

Standard 6: Write independently, legibly, and routinely for a variety of tasks, purposes, and audiences over short and extended time frames.

6.1 Write routinely and persevere in writing tasks over short and extended time frames, for a range of domain-specific tasks, and for a variety of purposes and audiences.

Grade 10 | Informative Essay Standards

http://ed.sc.gov/instruction/standards-learning/english-language-arts/standards/  (Adopted 2015)

Fundamentals of Writing

• Employ a recursive writing process that includes planning, drafting, revising, editing, rewriting, publishing, and reflecting.
• Interact and collaborate with peers and adults to develop and strengthen writing.
• Produce writing in which the development, organization, and style are appropriate to task, purpose, discipline, and audience.
• Use clear and coherent written language to accomplish a purpose such as learning, enjoyment, argument, and the exchange of information.
• Monitor progress throughout the writing process and adjust strategies as needed from independence to collaboration within a writing community.

Standard 2: Write informative/explanatory texts to examine and convey complex ideas and information clearly and accurately through the effective selection, organization, and analysis of content.

2.1 Write informative/explanatory texts that:

1. introduce a topic;
2. use relevant information from multiple print and multimedia sources;
3. organize complex ideas, concepts, and information to make connections and distinctions;
4. assess the credibility and accuracy of each source;
5. develop the topic with well-chosen, relevant, and sufficient facts, extended definitions, concrete details, quotations, or other information and examples appropriate to the audience’s knowledge of the topic;
6. quote or paraphrase the data and conclusions of others while avoiding plagiarism
7. develop and strengthen writing as needed by planning, revising, editing, rewriting;
8. use appropriate and varied transitions to link the major sections of the text, create cohesion, and clarify the relationships among complex ideas and concepts;
9. use precise language and domain-specific vocabulary to manage the complexity of the topic;
10. establish and maintain a consistent style and objective tone while attending norms and conventions of the discipline;
11. provide a concluding statement or section that follows from and supports the information or explanation presented.

Standard 6: Write independently, legibly, and routinely for a variety of tasks, purposes, and audiences over short and extended time frames.

6.1 Write routinely and persevere in writing tasks over short and extended time frames, for a range of domain-specific tasks, and for a variety of purposes and audiences.

Grade 11 | Informative Essay Standards

http://ed.sc.gov/instruction/standards-learning/english-language-arts/standards/  (Adopted 2015)

Fundamentals of Writing

• Employ a recursive writing process that includes planning, drafting, revising, editing, rewriting, publishing, and reflecting.
• Interact and collaborate with peers and adults to develop and strengthen writing.
• Produce writing in which the development, organization, and style are appropriate to task, purpose, discipline, and audience.
• Use clear and coherent written language to accomplish a purpose such as learning, enjoyment, argument, and the exchange of information.
• Monitor progress throughout the writing process and adjust strategies as needed from independence to collaboration within a writing community.

Standard 2: Write informative/explanatory texts to examine and convey complex ideas and information clearly and accurately through the effective selection, organization, and analysis of content.

2.1 Write informative/explanatory texts that:

1. introduce a topic;
2. use relevant information from multiple print and multimedia sources
3. organize complex ideas, concepts, and information so that each new element builds on that which precedes it to create a unified whole;
4. assess the credibility and accuracy of each source;
5. develop the topic thoroughly by selecting significant and relevant facts, extended definitions, concrete details, quotations, or other information and examples appropriate to the audience’s knowledge of the topic;
6. quote or paraphrase the data and conclusions of others while avoiding plagiarism
7. develop and strengthen writing as needed by planning, revising, editing, rewriting;
8. use appropriate and varied transitions and syntax to link the major sections of the text, create cohesion, and clarify the relationships among complex ideas and concepts;
9. use precise language, domain-specific vocabulary, and techniques such as metaphor, simile, and analogy to manage the complexity of the topic;
10. establish and maintain a consistent style and objective tone while attending to the norms and conventions of the discipline;
11. provide a concluding statement or section that follows from and supports the information or explanation presented.

Standard 6: Write independently, legibly, and routinely for a variety of tasks, purposes, and audiences over short and extended time frames.

6.1 Write routinely and persevere in writing tasks over short and extended time frames, for a range of domain-specific tasks, and for a variety of purposes and audiences.

Grade 12 | Informative Essay Standards

http://ed.sc.gov/instruction/standards-learning/english-language-arts/standards/  (Adopted 2015)

Fundamentals of Writing

• Employ a recursive writing process that includes planning, drafting, revising, editing, rewriting, publishing, and reflecting.
• Interact and collaborate with peers and adults to develop and strengthen writing.
• Produce writing in which the development, organization, and style are appropriate to task, purpose, discipline, and audience.
• Use clear and coherent written language to accomplish a purpose such as learning, enjoyment, argument, and the exchange of information.
• Monitor progress throughout the writing process and adjust strategies as needed from independence to collaboration within a writing community.

Standard 2: Write informative/explanatory texts to examine and convey complex ideas and information clearly and accurately through the effective selection, organization, and analysis of content.

2.1 Write informative/explanatory texts that:

1. introduce a topic;
2. use relevant information from multiple print and multimedia sources
3. organize complex ideas, concepts, and information so that each new element builds on that which precedes it to create a unified whole;
4. assess the credibility and accuracy of each source;
5. develop the topic thoroughly by selecting significant and relevant facts, extended definitions, concrete details, quotations, or other information and examples appropriate to the audience’s knowledge of the topic;
6. quote or paraphrase the data and conclusions of others while avoiding plagiarism
7. develop and strengthen writing as needed by planning, revising, editing, rewriting;
8. use appropriate and varied transitions and syntax to link the major sections of the text, create cohesion, and clarify the relationships among complex ideas and concepts;
9. use precise language, domain-specific vocabulary, and techniques such as metaphor, simile, and analogy to manage the complexity of the topic;
10. establish and maintain a consistent style and objective tone while attending to the norms and conventions of the discipline;
11. provide a concluding statement or section that follows from and supports the information or explanation presented.

Standard 6: Write independently, legibly, and routinely for a variety of tasks, purposes, and audiences over short and extended time frames.

6.1 Write routinely and persevere in writing tasks over short and extended time frames, for a range of domain-specific tasks, and for a variety of purposes and audiences

Grade 9 | Informative Essay Standards 

TEXAS ESSENTIAL KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS (TEKS)

http://tea.texas.gov/curriculum/teks/ (Amended 2010) 

(15)  Writing/Expository and Procedural Texts. Students write expository and procedural or work-related texts to communicate ideas and information to specific audiences for specific purposes. Students are expected to:

(A)  write an analytical essay of sufficient length that includes:

(i)  effective introductory and concluding paragraphs and a variety of sentence structures;

(ii)  rhetorical devices, and transitions between paragraphs;

(iii)  a controlling idea or thesis;

(iv)  an organizing structure appropriate to purpose, audience, and context; and

(v)  relevant information and valid inferences;

(B)  write procedural or work-related documents (e.g., instructions, e-mails, correspondence, memos, project plans) that include:

(i)  organized and accurately conveyed information; and

(ii)  reader-friendly formatting techniques;

(C)  write an interpretative response to an expository or a literary text (e.g., essay or review) that:

(i)  extends beyond a summary and literal analysis;

(ii)  addresses the writing skills for an analytical essay and provides evidence from the text using embedded quotations; and

(iii)  analyzes the aesthetic effects of an author's use of stylistic or rhetorical devices;

Grade 10 | Informative Essay Standards

TEXAS ESSENTIAL KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS (TEKS)

http://tea.texas.gov/curriculum/teks/ (Amended 2010)

(13)  Writing/Writing Process. Students use elements of the writing process (planning, drafting, revising, editing, and publishing) to compose text. Students are expected to:

(A)  plan a first draft by selecting the correct genre for conveying the intended meaning to multiple audiences, determining appropriate topics through a range of strategies (e.g., discussion, background reading, personal interests, interviews), and developing a thesis or controlling idea;

(B)  structure ideas in a sustained and persuasive way (e.g., using outlines, note taking, graphic organizers, lists) and develop drafts in timed and open-ended situations that include transitions and rhetorical devices used to convey meaning;

(C)  revise drafts to improve style, word choice, figurative language, sentence variety, and subtlety of meaning after rethinking how well questions of purpose, audience, and genre have been addressed;

(D)  edit drafts for grammar, mechanics, and spelling; and

(E)  revise final draft in response to feedback from peers and teacher and publish written work for appropriate audiences.

(15)  Writing/Expository and Procedural Texts. Students write expository and procedural or work-related texts to communicate ideas and information to specific audiences for specific purposes. Students are expected to:

(A)  write an analytical essay of sufficient length that includes:

(i)  effective introductory and concluding paragraphs and a variety of sentence structures;

(ii)  rhetorical devices, and transitions between paragraphs;

(iii)  a thesis or controlling idea;

(iv)  an organizing structure appropriate to purpose, audience, and context;

(v)  relevant evidence and well-chosen details; and

(vi)  distinctions about the relative value of specific data, facts, and ideas that support the thesis statement;

(C)  write an interpretative response to an expository or a literary text (e.g., essay or review) that:

(i)  extends beyond a summary and literal analysis;

(ii)  addresses the writing skills for an analytical essay and provides evidence from the text using embedded quotations; and

(iii)  analyzes the aesthetic effects of an author's use of stylistic and rhetorical devices;

Grade 11 | Informative Essay Standards

TEXAS ESSENTIAL KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS (TEKS)

http://tea.texas.gov/curriculum/teks/ (Amended 2010)

(13)  Writing/Writing Process. Students use elements of the writing process (planning, drafting, revising, editing, and publishing) to compose text. Students are expected to:

(A)  plan a first draft by selecting the correct genre for conveying the intended meaning to multiple audiences, determining appropriate topics through a range of strategies (e.g., discussion, background reading, personal interests, interviews), and developing a thesis or controlling idea;

(B)  structure ideas in a sustained and persuasive way (e.g., using outlines, note taking, graphic organizers, lists) and develop drafts in timed and open-ended situations that include transitions and rhetorical devices to convey meaning;

(C)  revise drafts to clarify meaning and achieve specific rhetorical purposes, consistency of tone, and logical organization by rearranging the words, sentences, and paragraphs to employ tropes (e.g., metaphors, similes, analogies, hyperbole, understatement, rhetorical questions, irony), schemes (e.g., parallelism, antithesis, inverted word order, repetition, reversed structures), and by adding transitional words and phrases;

(D)  edit drafts for grammar, mechanics, and spelling; and

(E)  revise final draft in response to feedback from peers and teacher and publish written work for appropriate audiences.

(15)  Writing/Expository and Procedural Texts. Students write expository and procedural or work-related texts to communicate ideas and information to specific audiences for specific purposes. Students are expected to:

(A)  write an analytical essay of sufficient length that includes:

(i)  effective introductory and concluding paragraphs and a variety of sentence structures;

(ii)  rhetorical devices, and transitions between paragraphs;

(iii)  a clear thesis statement or controlling idea;

(iv)  a clear organizational schema for conveying ideas;

(v)  relevant and substantial evidence and well-chosen details; and

(vi)  information on multiple relevant perspectives and a consideration of the validity, reliability, and relevance of primary and secondary sources;

(C)  write an interpretation of an expository or a literary text that:

(i)  advances a clear thesis statement;

(ii)  addresses the writing skills for an analytical essay, including references to and commentary on quotations from the text;

(iii)  analyzes the aesthetic effects of an author's use of stylistic or rhetorical devices;

(iv)  identifies and analyzes the ambiguities, nuances, and complexities within the text; and

(v)  anticipates and responds to readers' questions or contradictory information;

Grade 12 | Informative Essay Standards

TEXAS ESSENTIAL KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS (TEKS)

http://tea.texas.gov/curriculum/teks/ (Amended 2010)

(13)  Writing/Writing Process. Students use elements of the writing process (planning, drafting, revising, editing, and publishing) to compose text. Students are expected to:

(A)  plan a first draft by selecting the correct genre for conveying the intended meaning to multiple audiences, determining appropriate topics through a range of strategies (e.g., discussion, background reading, personal interests, interviews), and developing a thesis or controlling idea;

(B)  structure ideas in a sustained and persuasive way (e.g., using outlines, note taking, graphic organizers, lists) and develop drafts in timed and open-ended situations that include transitions and the rhetorical devices to convey meaning;

(C)  revise drafts to clarify meaning and achieve specific rhetorical purposes, consistency of tone, and logical organization by rearranging the words, sentences, and paragraphs to employ tropes (e.g., metaphors, similes, analogies, hyperbole, understatement, rhetorical questions, irony), schemes (e.g., parallelism, antithesis, inverted word order, repetition, reversed structures), and by adding transitional words and phrases;

(D)  edit drafts for grammar, mechanics, and spelling; and

(E)  revise final draft in response to feedback from peers and teacher and publish written work for appropriate audiences.

(15)  Writing/Expository and Procedural Texts. Students write expository and procedural or work-related texts to communicate ideas and information to specific audiences for specific purposes. Students are expected to:

(A)  write an analytical essay of sufficient length that includes:

(i)  effective introductory and concluding paragraphs and a variety of sentence structures;

(ii)  rhetorical devices, and transitions between paragraphs;

(iii)  a clear thesis statement or controlling idea;

(iv)  a clear organizational schema for conveying ideas;

(v)  relevant and substantial evidence and well-chosen details;

(vi)  information on all relevant perspectives and consideration of the validity, reliability, and relevance of primary and secondary sources; and

(vii)  an analysis of views and information that contradict the thesis statement and the evidence presented for it;

(C)  write an interpretation of an expository or a literary text that:

(i)  advances a clear thesis statement;

(ii)  addresses the writing skills for an analytical essay including references to and commentary on quotations from the text;

(iii)  analyzes the aesthetic effects of an author's use of stylistic or rhetorical devices;

(iv)  identifies and analyzes ambiguities, nuances, and complexities within the text; and

(v)  anticipates and responds to readers' questions and contradictory information;

Grade 9 | Informative Essay Standards

VIRGINIA ELA STANDARDS AND SKILLS

http://www.doe.virginia.gov (Adopted 2010)

9.6  The student will develop narrative, expository, and persuasive writings for a variety of audiences and purposes.

a)    Generate, gather, and organize ideas for writing.

b)    Plan and organize writing to address a specific audience and purpose.

c)    Communicate clearly the purpose of the writing using a thesis statement where appropriate.

d)    Write clear, varied sentences using specific vocabulary and information.

e)    Elaborate ideas clearly through word choice and vivid description.

f)    Arrange paragraphs into a logical progression.

g)    Use transitions between paragraphs and ideas.

h)    Revise writing for clarity of content, accuracy and depth of information.    

i)    Use computer technology to plan, draft, revise, edit, and publish writing

To be successful with this standard, students are expected to:

• use prewriting strategies and organize writing.

• plan and develop organized and focused written products that demonstrate their understanding of composing, written expression, and usage/mechanics and that reflect an appropriate audience and purpose.

• demonstrate the purpose of writing as narrative, persuasive, expository, or analytical.

• write using a clear, focused thesis that addresses the purpose for writing.

• provide an engaging introduction and a clear thesis statement that introduces the information presented.

• write clear, varied sentences, and increase the use of embedded clauses.

• use specific vocabulary and information.

• use precise language to convey a vivid picture.

• develop the topic with appropriate information, details, and examples.

• arrange paragraphs into a logical progression using appropriate words or phrases to signal organizational pattern and transitions between ideas.

• revise writing for clarity, content, depth of information, and intended audience and purpose.

• use computer technology to assist in the writing process.

Grade 10 | Informative Essay Standards

VIRGINIA ELA STANDARDS AND SKILLS

http://www.doe.virginia.gov (Adopted 2010)

10.6     The student will develop a variety of writing to persuade, interpret, analyze, and evaluate with an emphasis on exposition and analysis.

a)    Generate, gather, plan, and organize ideas for writing to address a specific audience and purpose.

b)    Synthesize information to support the thesis.    

c)    Elaborate ideas clearly through word choice and vivid description.

d)    Write clear and varied sentences, clarifying ideas with precise and relevant evidence.    

e)    Organize ideas into a logical sequence using transitions.    

f)    Revise writing for clarity of content, accuracy, and depth of information.  

g)    Use computer technology to plan, draft, revise, edit, and publish writing.

To be successful with this standard, students are expected to:

• write expository texts that:

  • explain a process;
  • compare and contrast ideas;
  • show cause and effect;
  • enumerate details; or
  • define ideas and concepts.

• develop written products that demonstrate their understanding of composing, written expression, and usage/mechanics.

• develop writing that analyzes complex issues.

• plan and organize their ideas for writing.

• state a thesis and support it.

• elaborate ideas in order to provide support for the thesis.

• use visual and sensory language as needed for effect.

• vary sentence structures for effect.

• identify and apply features of the writing domains, including

  • effective organization;
  • clear structure;
  • sentence variety;
  • unity and coherence;
  • tone and voice;
  • effective word choice;
  • clear purpose;
  • appropriate mechanics and usage; and
  • accurate and valuable information.

• develop ideas deductively and inductively and organize ideas into a logical sequence, applying effective organizational patterns/techniques, such as:

  • comparison/contrast;
  • chronological order;
  • spatial layout;
  • cause and effect;
  • definition;
  • order of importance;
  • explanation;
  • generalization;
  • classification;
  • enumeration; and
  • problem/solution.

• evaluate analytical writing by examining and understanding how individual parts of the text relate to the whole, including the writing’s purpose and structure.

• revise writing for clarity of content and presentation.

• use peer- and self-evaluation to review and revise writing.

• use computer technology to assist in the writing process.